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A distillation column is a crucial piece of equipment used in chemical engineering to separate mixtures based on differences in their volatilities in a boiling liquid mixture. It's widely used in industries like oil refining, petrochemical production, and alcohol distillation. Distillation works by heating a liquid mixture to form vapor and then condensing the vapor to separate components based on their boiling points. The distillation column enhances this separation by providing a large surface area for vapor-liquid contact, allowing repeated vaporization and condensation (called rectification).
